04/10/2025
Last week we mentioned a potential outbreak of distemper in raccoons. So, what is distemper?
No, it doesn’t have to do with your dogs’ temperament. Canine Distemper Virus is a highly contagious and often fatal disease of domestic dogs and other animals such as ferrets, skunks, and raccoons. It is incurable and affects the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and central nervous systems.
The disease is spread mainly by direct contact or airborne exposure. Sneezing, coughing, barking, sharing food and water bowls are a handful of ways the virus can be spread. Infected mothers can also pass the virus to their unborn puppies. Dogs with distemper need to be separated from other dogs to prevent the disease from spreading.
Distemper initially attacks the cells of the of the immune system, weakening the immune response and putting the dog at a high risk of other infections. As the virus spreads to respiratory and gastrointestinal systems, dogs typically develop clinic signs such as: diarrhea, vomiting, thick yellow eye and nasal discharge, and cough. As it moves to the nervous system, you could see seizures, stumbling, head tilt, and paralysis.
There is no specific treatment for distemper. Antibiotics are not effective against viruses, but can help control the secondary bacterial infections that often occur with distemper. Treatment is supportive care, such as hospitalization, isolation, fluids, intensive care, symptomatic treatments, and anti-seizure medications.
Thankfully, there are highly effective vaccines to protect your dogs from this deadly disease. The vaccine is routinely given to puppies at 8, 12, and 16 weeks, but can also be started at any age. Once vaccinated, additional boosters will be given yearly. Distemper is considered one of the core vaccines and should be given to all dogs.