07/19/2022
To Understand Your Dog a Bit Better - Watch Them Communicate
Dogs communicate with us all the time, just not in our language — which is why it’s our job to learn their language.
Some dog behavior, such as barking, is often misinterpreted by humans as aggressive
Learning what your dog’s body language and behavior is communicating will help you better understand his needs, and allow you to respond appropriately
Lots of people tend to misuse the term "aggressive" when describing a dog's behavior. According to certified professional dog trainer Carin Ford, in an article for The Bark magazine:
"… Probably the most inaccurately used adjective when it comes to describing dog behavior [is] 'aggressive.' I've heard people use it when referring a 10-week-old puppy who was playfully nipping the feet and legs of the children in the family. Most often, I hear people use it to describe a barking dog."
On the flip side, another example of misreading dog behavior is assuming that tail wags and sloppy kisses are always signs of happiness, when in fact, aggressive dogs are known to wag their tails as they attack, and anxious pups often kiss up a storm.
Why It's Important to Learn Your Dog's Language
When you and your dog fail to communicate — either he doesn't understand what you're telling him or you can't interpret his canine language — it can result in lots of missed signals and frustration, and can even damage the bond you share.
That's why the more you can learn to distinguish between aggressive, anxious and relaxed dog behavior in the moment, the better prepared you'll be to respond in the right way at the right time.
"Dogs talk all the time. They're trying to talk to us the same way we talk to each other," says veterinary behaviorist Dr. Shana Gilbert-Gregory. "The problem is we don't understand them. They're not capable of learning our language, so we have to learn theirs."
Aggressive vs. Anxious vs. Relaxed Body Language
To understand your (or any) dog's communication signals, it's necessary to pay attention to specific body postures, movements, and facial gestures. Gilbert-Gregory offers some clues.
Aggressive body language:
Posture — Muscles tense, weight shifts back and low to the ground; may also roll over to expose belly or raise one paw
Hair — Piloerection (raised hair on the shoulders and back) is a red flag
Tail — May be tucked or low to the ground; may be wagging slowly or rapidly
Mouth — Pulled back, with possible growling, snarling, excessive panting, lip licking, chewing or yawning
A bit more...Aggressive body language
What many humans don't understand is that aggression is a normal, natural form of communication for dogs. If they perceive a threat, they prepare to protect themselves. However, the way we respond to a dog's aggression is also normal because it's scary, especially when it's unexpected. Aggressive dogs can also be frightening for veterinary staff.
"When you walk into an exam room and the dog is yawning or lip licking in response to your arrival or approach, they're likely politely telling you to back up and disengage," says Gilbert-Gregory.
Anxious body language:
Posture (and fur) — Piloerection; might roll over and lift a forelimb
Mouth — Might show a submissive smile (a very wide smile), or may be panting, lip licking and/or yawning
Ears — Pinned back
Eyes — Whale eye* (white portion of eye showing at corner or rim), pupil dilation or averted gaze
*A note about whale eye according to Gilbert-Gregory: "The dog is saying, 'I am not a threat, and I'm not sure if I'm going to need to move away from you to disengage from this situation'. It's a stress signal."
Relaxed body language:
Posture — The weight is carried evenly; may do a play bow or wiggle
Tail — Relaxed and neutral position; may be wagging
Ears — Neutral position
Mouth — May be open with tongue hanging out, or may be closed with lips relaxed over teeth
Eyes — Soft, with normal pupil size
Appetite — Readily eats
Relaxed body language
Signs of a Calm, Confident Dog
His eyes and eyelids are relaxed, he blinks a lot, his gaze is soft, and his brow is smooth. His ears are also relaxed, not cocked or pointing. His mouth is open a bit with a few teeth visible (but not bared), his tongue may be lolling, and he may even appear to be smiling.
She's holding her body in a relaxed posture vs. a tense or stiff stance. She's holding her wagging tail either high or in a more neutral position; the wag may be the full-body version, or softer and slower.
He has no destructive behaviors, even when he's home alone. Well-balanced dogs generally get plenty of physical and mental stimulation. Bored, under-exercised, under-stimulated dogs are more likely to become destructive, along with dogs who suffer from separation anxiety.
She loves to play and is always up for a game or a walk or a ride in the car. Since exercise and play are so natural for dogs, if your canine companion doesn't seem interested, she may be dealing with some pain or an illness, and it's time to make an appointment with your veterinarian.
He's belly-up and tongue out. Contented dogs tend to show their bellies and tongues as they wriggle around on their backs. Happy belly displays are different from submissive belly rolls in which the dog's mouth is usually closed and his body is stiff.
Her appetite is good. A noticeable change in your pet's appetite can be a symptom of an underlying condition.
He's happy barking. Some dogs rarely bark, but those who do tend to have a higher-pitched bark when they're happy that usually doesn't last long.
She play bows. Many dogs raise their backsides in the air and lower their chests to the ground as an invitation to play with either their favorite human or a doggy friend.
He leans into you. A calm, confident dog will often lean into your hand when you pet him and lean into or keep contact with your body whenever the opportunity presents itself.
She's thrilled to see you. Happy dogs are without fail excited to see their human come through the door, even if said human has only stepped outside for a minute to check the weather!
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