03/15/2024
LEASH REACTIVITY + BRIBING + DISTRACTION
I often hear that when you’re using food to work on leash reactivity (i.e. using food to pass by a “trigger”) that it’s bribing or distracting the dog rather than teaching them anything. I couldn’t disagree more. There are certainly correct and incorrect uses of food in training, and bribing vs distraction vs luring vs rewarding are all very different things.
BRIBING would be persuasion, by definition. We could go into a different debate on whether dogs can truly be persuaded in the same manner that we are, and that perhaps this is still just a distraction, but that’s besides the point. Bribing would look like this:
1. Dog sees trigger, knows it’s there.
2. Owner pulls food out and places it in front of dog.
3. Food may even be given freely at this time.
4. THEN once food is already present, owner asks the dog for a behavior. Which could even be to just follow the food. (Which can often fail because there’s no real coping skill here.)
The idea of bribing is showing what is available as an incentive first, and THEN asking for a behavior once the incentive is already present and seen. Clearly, this is not an ideal order of events. While sure some people may end up either accidentally or inadvertently training in this way, it’s not how it should go.
DISTRACTION would be preventing full attention to the trigger, by definition. I see this mistake often. Distraction would look like this:
1. Dog does NOT see trigger, and does NOT know it’s there.
2. Owner sees it first and pulls food out and either places it in front of dog and/or asks the dog to do known behaviors. Food may also be given freely and not attached to behaviors.
3. Owner tries to maintain engagement while passing the trigger without the dog looking at it all. (Which typically fails and the dog usually ends up getting startled at some point. There’s also no real coping skill here).
Distraction doesn’t allow for the trigger to be acknowledged and therefore you never actually work on the responses to said trigger, if distraction is the only technique utilized. Also, not the ideal order of events.
LURING would be using food to get the dog to move in a desired way, for said reward, by definition *but* the goal in training is to have it follow behind a cue/command. We don’t want it to stand alone. Luring would look like this:
1. Dog sees trigger, knows it’s there.
2. Owner gives verbal cue/command that we are trying to teach.
3. THEN the owner presents food to move dog in desired way.
4. Once desired behavior is performed, then the food is given.
The big differences here are that the direction is given first, because, the end goal is to have a dog that responds to the verbal cue/command. The lure follows the verbal request (“here this is what I want you to do”), does not stand alone, and food is not given until behavior is completed. Luring is a very successful way to teach a behavior in the beginning stages of learning. It’s what most people do when teaching sit and down, as well. There are more rules and a specific sequences to follow because the whole point here is to teach a coping skill for the dog, where later on the luring is no longer needed.
REWARDING would be giving food as recognition of performing desired behaviors, by definition. This is always the goal. Rewarding would look like this:
1. Dog sees trigger, knows it’s there.
2. Owner gives verbal cue/command OR dog performs behavior voluntarily.
3. Dog does said behavior.
4. THEN the owner presents food as a reward.
The big difference here is that the food doesn’t come out until after the dog has already done the behavior and yes, this is what we are ultimately aiming for (prior to weaning down rewards). There’s no bribing or luring taking place. However, luring, can absolutely get the dog to this point.
There’s a big difference between all four of these and I think it’s really important to be able to differentiate. Bribing and distracting can be useful during less than ideal moments where your options are limited and it won’t hurt to do every once in a while, but they are not something that you want to rely on. Luring is a great way to teach a dog the desired behavior but we don’t want it to be required forever. It is used with the knowledge that it is temporary, the extent of which varies greatly between cases and the parameters within them. And finally, rewarding is where we want to end up. Thats the end goal use of food.
When someone is using food correctly to lure and/or reward their dog, it can actually be very detrimental, insulting, and dismissive of their hard work to call it a bribe or distraction. Knowing the order of events and what the end goal is can make a big difference in accurately assessing what is going on.