12/01/2023
Dear clients, there has been a buzz on social media about a new respiratory disease in dogs, and I would like to share some current information with you. I apologize if I have not been able to call you back individually, but we have been inundated with calls due to social media awareness.
Infectious respiratory disease complex (CIRDC) is the term used to refer to respiratory infection in dogs and has many possible causes including, in rough order of incidence, canine parainfluenza, Bordetella bronchiseptica, canine respiratory coronavirus, canine pneumovirus, canine influenza virus, Streptococcus zooepidemicus, and mycoplasma. (Dogs and cats can also get COVID-19, but rarely show symptoms and fully recover within 2 to 3 days as a general rule. They do not transfer COVID19 to us, but we can infect them.)
CIRDC has been recognized for decades and can cause symptoms ranging from very mild signs, to pneumonia, and rarely death (just like flu, for example, in humans). CIRDC, regardless of the causative agent, tends to have a constant presence in the canine population, with periodic clusters and flares.
About 1 year ago, we started seeing an increase in influenza in our area of the country, starting in Charlotte, and I sent out an email at that time encouraging clients to vaccinate all dogs for flu, and we made it part of our core vaccinations for all dogs, including puppies. At that time we posted on our entrance door a colorful sign about the spike in respiratory disease in our area and advised clients to please notify us if your dog was Showing respiratory signs and to keep your dog in the car until we can come out to conduct the exam outside, which is, and has been, our protocol for any dog with CIRDC, regardless of cause. In addition to flu, we continue to recommend Bordetella bronchiseptica kennel cough) vaccination every 6 months, as we have for years, and parainfluenza is part of the combined canine distemper vaccine that all dogs receive.
Over the summer, a spike of CIRDC was reported in Virginia, New York, North Carolina, South Carolina and Wyoming. The blood and sputum of some affected local dogs was tested and cultured and revealed a variety of different causes of pneumonia with no real answers, meaning this may just be a localized flare of CIRDC with a variety of the potential causes mentioned above, or it could be due to a yet unidentified novel or mutated viral cause. Research is ongoing, but no new or mutated virus or bacterial cause has been identified yet. At Northwest Animal Hospital, we personally have seen 5 cases of pneumonia over the past year, and one of those dogs sadly did not survive, despite aggressive intensive therapy and nebulization at a specialty referral clinic. Across the world, we do see occasional deaths from many causes of CIRDC, including flu, just like in humans. One study revealed that about 80% of flu cases are asymptomatic or mild, with 15 to 16% developing pneumonia and 5 to 6% of that group dying. As mentioned above, currently we do not know if there is a new viral (or bacterial) cause of this CIRDC cluster or if it is rather a flare of other previously identified causes. If a new or mutated virus is identified, then it typically takes about 2 years to develop a new vaccine.
As we have encouraged over the past year, protecting your dogs from CIRDC with the distemper combination vaccine every 3 years, Bordetella (kennel cough) vaccine every 6 months, and the flu vaccine yearly, are all recommended to provide the best current protection.
If your dog does develop respiratory symptoms, we ask you to call when you arrive at the clinic, and we will come out and evaluate your dog outside, as we always have done with respiratory disease. Currently, we institute aggressive antibiotic therapy for any suspect infectious cough, even mild ones, and add in a second specific antibiotic if no improvement in the cough is seen over the first week. If the cough persists or we see diminished appetite, depression, or other symptoms, we run blood work and x-ray the chest. We continue antibiotics for at least 1 week after the end of the cough. For one dog, the cough persisted nearly 3 months, just like it can for some humans with respiratory infections.
To help limit exposure, we recommend that you limit contact with other dogs and avoid dog parks and other areas with high dog traffic, keep your dog away from any known sick dogs, isolate your dog if it is sick, and vaccinate as recommended above. We will update you if, and as, research gives us some answers, and if a new vaccine can be developed. Please call us to be seen for an appointment immediately if your dog develops a cough.
Merry Christmas!
We wish you, and your precious furry companions, peace and good health in the new
year!
Dr.Camp, Dr. Becker, and Staff