02/17/2024
As warmer weather approaches, so does shedding season for rabbits. We have already started to receive a lot of rabbits that are shedding heavily as well as a few bloat cases. We are taking this opportunity to review bloat prevention, which could save you a lot of money, but mostly your rabbit’s life!
1. WHEN YOUR RABBIT IS SHEDDING, BRUSH OR COMB THEM DAILY TO REMOVE THE LOOSE FUR, EVEN IF THEY DON’T LIKE IT!
2. WHEN THEY ARE SHEDDING HEAVILY, GIVE THEM A LAXATIVE DAILY (LAXATONE, LACTULOSE) TO HELP KEEP THEIR GUT HYDRATED AND THE FUR MOVING.
3. IF YOUR RABBIT STOPS EATING OR STOPS PASSING STOOLS, BRING THEM TO YOUR VETERINARIAN (OR EMERGENCY CENTER IF YOUR VET IS CLOSED) IMMEDIATELY. The sooner the rabbit is seen, the better the outcome!
4. IF YOU SUSPECT YOUR RABBIT COULD BE BLOATED, SYRINGE FEEDING THEM MAY MAKE THINGS WORSE.
Below is a more detailed explanation of bloat in rabbits:
Rabbits groom themselves or their friends, and swallow fur. Unlike cats, rabbits cannot vomit. This means that the fur they eat has to make its way through their gastrointestinal tract. If there is a lot of fur that was swallowed, or if the rabbit doesn’t eat enough hay (hay helps fur move along the GI tract) or if the rabbit becomes dehydrated for some reason (warmer weather, kidney disease, car ride, hospital visit, etc), the fur ball can get stuck in narrower portions of the gastrointestinal tract (usually at the exit of the stomach, the proximal duodenum}.
When this happens, the stomach cannot empty itself and becomes distended, and the rabbit becomes painful. This situation is called a Bloat. Bloat is a life-threatening emergency in rabbits. The initial clinical signs will be a quiet rabbit, either not taking its treats or just not wanting to eat. The rabbit will usually stop passing stools or pass smaller stools. As the hours pass, the rabbit will become more lethargic, might be belly pressing (because their abdomen hurts) and their temperature will drop. Their stomach will feel large and firm.
Rabbits can die within 24 hours of the onset of a bloat. This is because when the gastrointestinal transit of a rabbit is stopped, the bad bacteria in their gut multiply, and produce toxins that take over the blood stream and cause shock. The stomach can also become so large that is presses on the blood vessels of the thorax, and prevent proper blood flow to the heart, as well as the other organs (kidneys, liver). On X-rays, these rabbits have a very tiny heart, a very large stomach filled with gas, and an empty bladder.
Sometimes, this condition can be mistaken with Liver Lobe Torsion in rabbits, because it has a similar presentation. However, in these cases, the stomach is not blocked but one of the liver lobes has rotated on its axis and is causing internal bleeding. Blood work allows us to differentiate between the two.
Most bloat rabbits come to us in shock, are hypothermic, and must be stabilized rapidly. We need to warm them up aggressively, put in an intravenous catheter to give shock fluids, injectable painkillers, gut motility agents, amongst other treatments. The goal is to rehydrate the gut for the fur ball to move. If that doesn’t happen, and the stomach is very large, the rabbit will need to have stomach decompression, which is accomplished under brief anesthesia. This is sometimes immediately followed by intrabdominal bloat surgery, which consists of manually milking the fur ball in the intestines all the way down to the colon, where it will be passed naturally.
All these procedures are risky, expensive, and must be done on rabbits that are extremely ill and not stable.
BLOAT MAY BE PREVENTABLE. PLEASE KEEP YOUR RABBITS GROOMED, USE HAIRBALL REMEDIES, MONITOR THEM CLOSELY, AND BRING THEM IN TO THE VET AS SOON AS THEY STOP EATING.