11/09/2021
Obesity & Insulin Resistance š¾
Many veterinary studies have shown that obesity in dogs and cats increases the risk of health problems. These problems can include arthritis, cruciate ligament tears, and degenerative joint disease, diabetes mellitus, abnormalities in circulating lipid profiles (triglycerides, cholesterol), cardiac and respiratory diseases, urinary disorders, reproductive disorders (decreased fertility), cancer (mammary tumors and transitional cell carcinoma), dermatological diseases, and anesthetic complications. These conditions not only shorten the expected lifespan of the affected animals, but also decrease their quality of life, so obesity in cats and dogs has considerable potential to cause suffering for both the animals and their guardians.
Obesity may cause disease, but it may also be the result of disease. For example hypothyroidism decreases metabolism and activity levels, resulting in obesity. Cushing's disease causes weight gain due to a cortisol-driven increase in appetite. And while obesity predisposes pets to develop arthritis, it is likely that arthritis promotes the development of obesity due to the animal's decreased ability to exercise. Neutering may also play a role in obesity, as metabolism tends to decrease when hormones are reduced. Without careful attention to correct calorie intake, these pets often become overweight. Overuse of pharmaceutical drugs like steroids can also cause obesity.
As pets become obese and their fat cells enlarge, fat tissue undergoes molecular and cellular alterations affecting systemic metabolism. These alterations include the release of pro-inflammatory proteins. This in turn leads to insulin resistance which leads to diabetes in human studies.
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