05/19/2024
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The History and Evolution of the Cane Corso: A Guardian Through the Ages!
ORIGINS IN THE ROMAN EMPIRE
The Cane Corso ( Italian Mastiff ), is a breed known for its strength, intelligence, and protective instincts, which traces its roots back to the Roman Empire. Originating in Ancient Rome the Cane Corso descends from the Roman Molossian dogs aka Canis Pugnax.
The breed's name "Cane Corso" is derived from the Latin "Cohors," meaning "protector" or "guardian," aptly describing their primary function.
The Molossus was an ancient breed of dog that dates back to around 500 BC. It originated in the region of Epirus, which is in modern-day Greece and Albania. These were War dogs that were utilized for various purposes, including warfare and guarding. These robust canines were integral to the Roman legions, often donning armor and accompanying soldiers into battle. Their formidable size, high intelligence, and brute strength with their unique stealth-like capabilities made them PERFECT for intimidating enemies and protecting their handlers at a moment's notice.
ROLES WITHIN THE EMPIRE
In addition to their role in warfare, Cane Corsos served as versatile working dogs.
They were employed in several capacities:
Guarding:
Their imposing presence and natural guarding instincts made them excellent protectors of property and livestock.
Hunting:
The Cane Corso, were adept hunters also known as "catch dogs," and were used for hunting wild boar, cattle, and other large game.
Farming:
These dogs assisted farmers by herding cattle and other livestock, showcasing their versatility and intelligence.
EVOLUTION OVER THE CENTURIES
As the Roman Empire declined, the need for war dogs diminished. However, the Cane Corso adapted to changing times and continued to thrive in rural Italy. They became indispensable farm dogs, known for their ability to guard and manage livestock effectively. Their loyalty and protective nature ensured their place in Italian farms and homes for generations.
CREATION AND PURPOSE
The Cane Corso was specifically bred for tasks that required a combination of strength, agility, and intelligence. Roman breeders selectively bred these dogs for their robust physique and their unique keen senses, aiming to create an animal capable of guarding estates and livestock as well as participating in battle. Their roles included driving and guarding cattle, protecting families and properties, and serving as auxiliary warriors on the battlefield which required exceptional problem-solving skills, adaptability, and an ability to follow complex commands. This breed was selectively bred for specific traits like heightened alertness, quick learning, and an independent yet cooperative nature, enabling them to work closely with humans while making real-time decisions which is not found in all breeds of dogs.
Due to the breed's high intelligence and acute awareness of their surroundings made them exceptional guardians. Cane Corsos possess an innate ability to respond swiftly and decisively to threats, a trait that set them apart from other breeds. Their stealthy and powerful presence, combined with their high intelligence, loyalty and protective nature, made them invaluable to their Roman masters.
NEAR EXTINCTION AND REVIVAL
Despite their historical significance, the Cane Corso nearly faced extinction in the 1970s. Changes in agricultural practices and the decline of rural economies led to a decreased demand for such working dogs. By the mid-20th century, the breed's numbers had dwindled significantly.
The Cane Corso's resurgence can be attributed to the dedication of a few passionate breed enthusiasts in Italy. These individuals recognized the breed's unique qualities and set out to revive it through careful breeding programs. Thanks to their efforts, the Cane Corso was saved from the brink of extinction.
KEY FIGURES IN THE REVIVAL
Dr. Paolo Breber
One of the pivotal figures in the revival of the Cane Corso was Dr. Paolo Breber, an Italian professor and zoologist. In the 1970s, Dr. Breber became aware of the breed's precarious situation. Recognizing the historical and cultural significance of the Cane Corso, he decided to take action to preserve it.
Giovanni Bonnetti and Stefano Gandolfi
Dr. Breber was not alone in his efforts. He collaborated with Giovanni Bonnetti, Stefano Gandolfi, and other dedicated breeders who shared his passion for the breed. Together, they embarked on a mission to locate the remaining Cane Corsos, which were scattered across rural southern Italy.
THE REVIVAL PROCESS
Locating and Selecting Breeding Stock
The first step in reviving the breed involved identifying and gathering the few remaining purebred Cane Corsos. Dr. Breber and his team traveled extensively across rural areas, meeting farmers and shepherds who still kept these dogs for guarding livestock and property.
They meticulously selected dogs that exhibited the traditional characteristics of the Cane Corso, such as strength, intelligence, and protective instincts. These dogs formed the foundation of the revival breeding program.
ESTABLISHING BREEDING PROGRAMS
With a small but genetically diverse group of Cane Corsos, Dr. Breber and his collaborators established breeding programs aimed at increasing the population while maintaining the breed's distinct traits. They carefully planned matings to preserve the breed's physical and behavioral characteristics.
PROMOTION AND RECOGNITION
In addition to breeding efforts, Dr. Breber and his colleagues worked to promote awareness of the Cane Corso. They wrote articles, gave lectures, and participated in dog shows to showcase the breed's qualities. Their goal was to generate interest and support for the Cane Corso both within Italy and internationally.
The International Cane Corso Federation (ICCF) played a significant role in the recognition and preservation of the Cane Corso breed, especially in the United States. The ICCF was founded in 1988 by Michael Sottile, who was instrumental in bringing the first Cane Corsos to the U.S. from Italy. The organization was established to promote the breed, maintain its standards, and support responsible breeding practices.
The ICCF's efforts in promoting the Cane Corso helped pave the way for its eventual recognition by major kennel clubs, including the American Kennel Club (AKC). The ICCF remains a prominent organization dedicated to the Cane Corso, providing resources, education, and support to breeders and owners worldwide.
Then the Cane Corso Association of America (CCAA) was founded in 1988 and became the official breed club for the Cane Corso breed in the United States, recognized by the American Kennel Club (AKC). As the parent club, the CCAA serves as the primary representative for the Cane Corso within the AKC framework, and is in place to protect the preservation, promotion, and responsible breeding practices of the Cane Corso to preserve their original breed standard at all costs.
Both the CCAA and the ICCF were significantly influenced by Michael Sottile's efforts and passion for the Cane Corso breed. While the CCAA focuses on the breed's representation and development in the United States, the ICCF serves as an international organization promoting the Cane Corso globally. Together, these organizations have played crucial roles in the preservation, promotion, and responsible breeding of the Cane Corso.
The Italian Kennel Club (ENCI) recognized the Cane Corso as a breed in 1994, which was a significant milestone in the revival process. This recognition helped standardize the breed and promote its further growth and preservation.
The American Kennel Club (AKC) officially acknowledged the Cane Corso breed in 2010. This recognition marked an important milestone for the breed, allowing it to participate in AKC events and helping to raise awareness and popularity of the Cane Corso in the United States.
This standard is crucial for preserving the breed's physical and temperamental traits.
MODERN EVOLUTION AND CHALLENGES
In recent years, the Cane Corso has seen a surge in popularity, partly due to its portrayal by influencers as a versatile family companion. However, this rise in popularity has also led to an increase in irresponsible breeding practices. Unscrupulous breeders, motivated by profit rather than the breed's well-being, have contributed to a flood of Cane Corsos being sold to inexperienced owners without properly educating them on this breeds unique characteristics and training requirements.
This trend has resulted in a significant number of Cane Corsos ending up in shelters and rescues. Many new owners underestimated the commitment required to care for such a strong, intelligent, and protective breed. The breed's inherent guardian behaviors can often be misinterpreted as aggression by those unfamiliar with their temperament.
THE IDEAL CANE CORSO OWNER
A Cane Corso requires an owner who can provide consistent mental and physical stimulation. These dogs thrive in environments where they are given tasks and challenges that engage their intellect and energy. Daily exercise, training, and socialization are crucial to prevent behavioral issues and ensure a well-adjusted companion.
Prospective Cane Corso owners must invest time in understanding the breed's unique traits. This includes recognizing their protective instincts and teaching all family members, including children, to respect and interact appropriately with the dog. Fast movements or perceived threats can trigger the breed's protective nature, emphasizing the need for proper training and supervision.
The Cane Corso is a remarkable breed with a rich history as a war dog, carrying innate guarding tendencies deeply ingrained in their DNA. While these protective instincts cannot be removed, they can be effectively managed by respecting their genetics and proper training by new owners that are committed to providing the right environment for them to thrive. Responsible ownership, thorough research, and a commitment to the breed's well-being are essential to ensure that the Cane Corso remains a valued and respected breed for generations to come.
So next time you look down at your cute little Cane Corso puppy now you can understand the genetics your dealing with and why this group was formed in the first place to promote breed-specific education to help educate new owners on understanding this breeds unique characteristics and why it's imperative you take this breed seriously and invest into their training everyday to create a life-long companion! 👌😎
