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Pocahontas, a Native American woman of the Powhatan tribe, married English settler John Rolfe in 1614. Their union was s...
02/15/2025

Pocahontas, a Native American woman of the Powhatan tribe, married English settler John Rolfe in 1614. Their union was significant as it symbolized a brief period of peace between the English colonists and the Powhatan tribes. Together, they had one son, Thomas Rolfe, born in 1615. Thomas later married and had a daughter named Jane Rolfe, who continued the lineage. Over the centuries, the descendants of Pocahontas and John Rolfe have grown significantly, intertwining with many prominent families in American history.

In 1887, a genealogical study revealed that Pocahontas had thousands of descendants. This number has since been updated, with recent estimates indicating that there are over 30,000 named descendants of Pocahontas today. These descendants include notable figures and families, reflecting the extensive and enduring legacy of Pocahontas and her unique place in American history.

𝐂𝐡𝐢𝐞𝐟 𝐃𝐚𝐧 𝐆𝐞𝐨𝐫𝐠𝐞, whose real name is Geswanouth Slahoot, was a Canadian actor, poet, and writer of Indigenous descent. H...
02/15/2025

𝐂𝐡𝐢𝐞𝐟 𝐃𝐚𝐧 𝐆𝐞𝐨𝐫𝐠𝐞, whose real name is Geswanouth Slahoot, was a Canadian actor, poet, and writer of Indigenous descent. He was born on July 24, 1899, belonging to the Tsleil-Waututh (Salish) tribe, in a settlement near North Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. He became widely known for his acting career, especially in films portraying Indigenous characters.
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Chief Dan George gained further prominence after his role in the classic film "Little Big Man" (1970), where he portrayed a wise, philosophical elder named Old Lodge Skins. This role earned him an Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor, making him the first Canadian Indigenous person to receive such a nomination.
In addition to his acting career, Chief Dan George was renowned for his writing and poetry, expressing his love and reverence for Indigenous culture. His cultural contributions extended to writing books and essays, helping to spread and preserve the cultural heritage of the Tsleil-Waututh and other Indigenous peoples.
Chief Dan George was also a prominent social activist, advocating for the honoring and protection of Indigenous rights. He worked tirelessly to raise awareness on issues such as Indigenous leadership, environmental conservation, and fair treatment of Indigenous peoples in society.
Beyond his artistic career and social activism, Chief Dan George was also known as a speaker and spiritual leader for the Indigenous community. He often participated in events, workshops, and discussions to share knowledge, inspire others, and encourage confidence and pride within his community.
Chief Dan George also contributed to promoting education and community development among Indigenous peoples. He supported various educational and cultural projects, providing opportunities for younger generations to learn and thrive. He frequently engaged in educational activities and programs to foster understanding and respect for Indigenous culture and history.
To this day, Chief Dan George's legacy lives on through his artistic works, literature, and community activities, continuing to influence and inspire future generations about the importance of cultural diversity and the significance of protecting and respecting the rights of Indigenous communities.
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Congratulations - Lily Gladstone for being the first Native Indigenous Blackfeet/Nimíipuu Female in its eighty one year ...
02/13/2025

Congratulations - Lily Gladstone for being the first Native Indigenous Blackfeet/Nimíipuu Female in its eighty one year history, to win the Best Actress at the Golden Globe Awards for her role in "Killers of the Flower Moon!"
"The villains are fairly obvious in “Flower Moon,” but Scorsese asks audiences to take a wider look at systemic racism, historical injustice and the corruptive influence of power and money, intriguingly tying together our past and present." ~ Brian Truitt,
"Gladstone, in the rare Scorsese film that gives center stage to a female character, is the emotional core here, and it's her face that stays etched in our memory."
~ Jocelyn Noveck
“This is for every little Rez kid, every little urban kid, every little Native kid out there who has a dream and is seeing themselves represented in our stories told by ourselves, in our own words..." ~ Lily Gladstone
"We Are Still Here!" 🪶
Lily Gladstone supported
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𝐆𝐑𝐀𝐇𝐀𝐌 𝐆𝐑𝐄𝐄𝐍𝐄Born June 22, 1952, on the Six Nations Reserve in Ohsweken, Ontario, Mr. Greene is a 73 year old FIRST NATI...
02/08/2025

𝐆𝐑𝐀𝐇𝐀𝐌 𝐆𝐑𝐄𝐄𝐍𝐄
Born June 22, 1952, on the Six Nations Reserve in Ohsweken, Ontario, Mr. Greene is a 73 year old FIRST NATIONS Canadian actor who belongs to the ONEIDA tribe. He has worked on stage, in film, and in TV productions in Canada, the U.K., and the U.S.
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He was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his 1990 performance in "Dances with Wolves". Other films you may have seen him in include Thunderheart, Maverick, Die Hard with a Vengeance, the Green Mile, and Wind River. Graham Greene graduated from the Centre for Indigenous Theatre in 1974 & immediately began performing in professional theatre in Toronto and England, while also working as an audio technician for area rock bands. His TV debut was in 1979 and his screen debut in 1983. His acting career has now spanned over 4 decades & he remains as busy as ever. In addition to the Academy Award nomination for Dance with Wolves, he has been consistently recognized for his work, and also received nominations in 1994, 2000, 2004, 2006, and 2016. Graham Greene lives in Toronto, Canada, married since 1994, and has 1 adult daughter.
First Nations Canadian actor GRAHAM GREENE has been selected to receive the RED NATION LIFETIME ACHIEVEMENT AWARD
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Happy birthday to English actress and model Caroline Munro, born January 16, 1949, whose film credits include Dracula AD...
02/07/2025

Happy birthday to English actress and model Caroline Munro, born January 16, 1949, whose film credits include Dracula AD 1972 (1972), Captain Kronos – Vampire Hunter (1974), The Golden Voyage of Sinbad (1973), I Don't Want to Be Born (1975), At the Earth's Core (1976), The Spy Who Loved Me (1977), Starcrash (1978), Maniac (1980), The Last Horror Film (1982) and Slaughter High (1986). Between 1984 and 1987, Munro was also a hostess on the Yorkshire Television game show 3-2-1.

Why Isn’t This Map in the History Books?Native Tribes of North America Mapped🛒 Order poster from here🧡✊⤵️https://natives...
02/07/2025

Why Isn’t This Map in the History Books?
Native Tribes of North America Mapped
🛒 Order poster from here🧡✊⤵️
https://nativespride.shop/mapped
The ancestors of living Native Americans arrived in North America about 15 thousand years ago. As a result, a wide diversity of communities, societies, and cultures finally developed on the continent over the millennia.
The population figure for Indigenous peoples in the Americas before the 1492 voyage of Christopher Columbus was 70 million or more.
About 562 tribes inhabited the contiguous U.S. territory. Ten largest North American Indian tribes: Arikara, Cherokee, Iroquois, Pawnee, Sioux, Apache, Eskimo, Comanche, Choctaw, Cree, Ojibwa, Mohawk, Cheyenne, Navajo, Seminole, Hope, Shoshone, Mohican, Shawnee, Mi’kmaq, Paiute, Wampanoag, Ho-Chunk, Chumash, Haida.
Below is the tribal map of Pre-European North America.
The old map below gives a Native American perspective by placing the tribes in full flower ~ the “Glory Days.” It is pre-contact from across the eastern sea or, at least, before that contact seriously affected change. Stretching over 400 years, the time of contact was quite different from tribe to tribe. For instance, the “Glory Days” of the Maya and Aztec came to an end very long before the interior tribes of other areas, with some still resisting almost until the 20th Century.
At one time, numbering in the millions, the native peoples spoke close to 4,000 languages.
The Americas’ European conquest, which began in 1492, ended in a sharp drop in the Native American population through epidemics, hostilities, ethnic cleansing, and slavery.
When the United States was founded, established Native American tribes were viewed as semi-independent nations, as they commonly lived in communities separate from white immigrants.
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Tsianina Redfeather. Creek/Cherokee singer and performer. ca. 1920. Source - Denver Public Library.Tsianina Redfeather B...
02/07/2025

Tsianina Redfeather. Creek/Cherokee singer and performer. ca. 1920. Source - Denver Public Library.
Tsianina Redfeather Blackstone (December 13, 1882 – January 10, 1985) was a Muscogee singer, performer, and Native American activist, born in Eufaula, Oklahoma, then within the Muscogee Nation. She was born to Cherokee and Creek parents and stood out from her 9 siblings musically. From 1908 she toured regularly with Charles Wakefield Cadman, a composer and pianist who gave lectures about Native American music that were accompanied by his compositions and her singing. He composed classically based works associated with the Indianist movement. They toured in the United States and Europe.
She collaborated with him and Nelle Richmond Eberhart on the libretto of the opera Shanewis (or "The Robin Woman," 1918), which was based on her semi-autobiographical stories and contemporary issues for Native Americans. It premiered at the Metropolitan Opera. Redfeather sang the title role when the opera was on tour, making her debut when the work was performed in Denver in 1924, and also performing in it in Los Angeles in 1926.
After her performing career, she worked as an activist on Indian education, co-founding the American Indian Education Foundation. She also supported Native American archeology and ethnology, serving on the Board of Managers for the School of American Research founded in Santa Fe by Alice Cunningham Fletcher.

Native Americans And HorsesThe story of the relationship of Native peoples and horses is one of the great sagas of human...
02/07/2025

Native Americans And Horses
The story of the relationship of Native peoples and horses is one of the great sagas of human contact with the animal world.
Native peoples have traditionally regarded the animals in our lives as fellow creatures with which a common destiny is shared.
When American Indians encountered horses—which some tribes call the Horse Nation—they found an ally, inspiring and useful in times of peace, and intrepid in times of war.
Horses transformed Native life and became a central part of many tribal cultures.
By the 1800s, American Indian horsemanship was legendary, and the survival of many Native peoples, especially on the Great Plains, depended on horses.
Native peoples paid homage to horses by incorporating them into their cultural and spiritual lives, and by creating art that honored the bravery and grace of the horse.
The glory days of the horse culture were brilliant but brief, lasting just over a century. The bond between American Indians and the Horse Nation, however, has remained strong through the generations.
“A Song for the Horse Nation” Gallops into Washington
The Smithsonian’s National Museum of the American Indian in Washington, D.C., presents a major exhibition that explores one of the greatest sagas of human contact with the animal world—American Indians and horses.
“When American Indians encountered horses—which some tribes call the Horse Nation.
they found an ally, inspiring and useful in times of peace, and intrepid in times of war,” said Kevin Gover (Pawnee), director of the museum.
“The exhibition shows how these majestic creatures came to represent courage and freedom to many tribes across North America.”
The critically acclaimed exhibition, first shown at the museum’s George Gustav Heye Center in New York (Nov. 14, 2009-July 10, 2011), doubles its exhibition space at the flagship museum on the National Mall to 9,500 square feet and includes 15 major additional objects.
Among them is a 19th-century, 16-foot-tall, 38-foot-circumference Lakota tipi, in which 110 hand-painted horses, some with riders, all at a full gallop, cover the entire surface in rich reds, turquoise blues and golds as vivid and fresh as the day they were created.
These battle and horse-raiding scenes proclaim the heroic deeds of the warrior who once lived in the tipi.
The exhibition shows how Native horse traditions continue today like the Nimiipuu (Nez Perce) Young Horsemen’s Program, which seeks to preserve the Appaloosa horse breed made famous by their ancestors.
Horse traditions thrive on the Crow Indian Reservation—their annual fair in southeastern Montana typically includes more than 2,000 horses and features elaborate parades and “giveaways” in which members of the tribe give away horses to relatives and friends as a gesture of generosity and honor.
A similar gesture among the Lakota is the tribe’s annual trek on horseback called the Oomaka Tokatakiya
(Future Generations Ride) in South Dakota, which evolved from an annual healing journey to honor those who died at Wounded Knee.
During the two-week, 300-mile journey, riders experience some of the hardships their ancestors endured as a physical, spiritual and intellectual remembrance.
“For some Native peoples, the horse still is an essential part of daily life,” said Emil
Her Many Horses (Oglala Lakota), curator of the exhibition.
“For others, the horse will always remain an element of our identity and our history.
The Horse Nation continues to inspire, and Native artists continue to celebrate the horse in our songs, our stories and our works of art.”

Monica Bellucci, an icon of Italian beauty and elegance, has captivated audiences around the world with her timeless cha...
02/07/2025

Monica Bellucci, an icon of Italian beauty and elegance, has captivated audiences around the world with her timeless charm and remarkable talent. Born on September 30, 1964, in Città di Castello, Italy, Bellucci began her career as a model, quickly rising to prominence with her striking features and graceful presence. Her move into acting solidified her place in international cinema, with memorable roles in films such as Malèna (2000), which earned her critical acclaim and cemented her status as one of the most celebrated actresses of her generation. Bellucci's ability to seamlessly blend beauty, intellect, and strength has made her a role model for women worldwide. Known for her roles in films like The Matrix Reloaded (2003) and Irreversible (2002), Bellucci's range as an actress is as diverse as her career, transcending genres and cultures. Her marriage to actor Vincent Cassel and their daughter, Deva Cassel, has also made headlines, further solidifying her status as a global figure. As a mother, actress, and fashion icon, Bellucci continues to inspire and influence across multiple industries, from film to modeling and fashion. Her ageless beauty, confidence, and intelligence have made her a beloved figure both in Italy and internationally. In recent years, she has also embraced new roles, proving that true artistry only deepens with time. Bellucci remains a symbol of strength, grace, and feminine power in the world of entertainment, and her legacy continues to shine brightly for future generations.

🎂HAPPY BIRTHDAY CLINT EASTWOOD🎉💋Clint Eastwood is a famous American actor, film director, producer and composer, famous ...
01/28/2025

🎂HAPPY BIRTHDAY CLINT EASTWOOD🎉💋
Clint Eastwood is a famous American actor, film director, producer and composer, famous for his flourishing career in the entertainment industry.
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Born on May 31, 1930, in San Francisco, California, Eastwood rose to fame in the 1960s for his role as "The Man with No Name" in Sergio Leone's "The Dollar Trilogy" of spaghetti Westerns. He further solidified his status as a cultural icon with his role as Harry Callahan in the "Dirty Harry" film series, which began in 1971. Eastwood's career spanned more than six decades, during which he received won many awards, including multiple Oscars for best film. Director and Best Picture for "Unforgiven" (1992) and "Million Dollar Baby" (2004). Known for his stoic screen presence and tough personality, Eastwood has also directed and produced such critically acclaimed films as Mystic River (2003), Gran Torino (2008) and American Sniper (2014). In addition to his film work, Eastwood also dabbled in politics, serving as mayor of Carmel-by-the-Sea, California, from 1986 to 1988. His contributions to cinema and his influence on Popular culture has made him one of its most respected people. and long-standing figures in Hollywood history.
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🎂The beloved actor Sam Elliott was born in Sacramento, California on this day in 1944. He turns 80 today! 🤠 🎉❤️Get yours...
01/27/2025

🎂The beloved actor Sam Elliott was born in Sacramento, California on this day in 1944. He turns 80 today! 🤠 🎉
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Samuel Pack Elliott (born August 9, 1944) is an American actor. He is the recipient of several accolades, including a Screen Actors Guild Award and a National Board of Review Award.
He has been nominated for an Academy Award, two Golden Globe Awards, and two Emmy Awards. Elliott was cast in the musical drama A Star Is Born (2018), for which he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor and the corresponding prizes at the Critics' Choice Movie Awards, Screen Actors Guild Awards. He also won a National Board of Review Award. Elliott starred as Shea Brennan in the American drama miniseries 1883 (2021–2022), for which he won the Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Male Actor in a Miniseries or Television Movie.
Elliott is known for his distinctive lanky physique, full mustache, and deep, sonorous voice. He began his acting career with minor appearances in The Way West (1967), Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid (1969), season five of Mission: Impossible, and guest-starred on television in the Western Gunsmoke (1972) before landing his first lead film role in Frogs (1972). His film breakthrough was in the drama Lifeguard (1976). Elliott co-starred in the box office hit Mask (1985) and went on to star in several Louis L'Amour adaptations such as The Quick and the Dead (1987) and Conagher (1991), the latter of which earned him a Golden Globe nomination for Best Actor – Miniseries or Television Film. He received his second Golden Globe and first Primetime Emmy Award nominations for Buffalo Girls (1995). His other film credits from the early 1990s include as John Buford in the historical drama Gettysburg (1993) and as Virgil Earp in the Western Tombstone (also 1993). In 1998, he played the Stranger in The Big Lebowski.
In the 2000s, Elliott appeared in supporting roles in the drama We Were Soldiers (2002) and the superhero films Hulk (2003) and Ghost Rider (2007). In 2015, he guest-starred on the series Justified, which earned him a Critics' Choice Television Award, and in 2016 began starring in the Netflix series The Ranch. Elliott subsequently had a lead role in the comedy-drama The Hero.
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During the American Civil War, Virginia resident William Terrill Bradby was one of an estimated 20,000 Native Americans ...
01/26/2025

During the American Civil War, Virginia resident William Terrill Bradby was one of an estimated 20,000 Native Americans who served with Union military forces in the fight against the Confederacy. A large part of Bradby’s own contributions to the Union cause involved maritime transportation.
A member of the Pamunkey Tribe, Bradby was born in Virginia in 1833. After the Civil War broke out in 1861, Bradby remained loyal to the Union even though Virginia joined the Confederacy. Bradby’s unwavering decision to side with the North resulted in his church expelling him from its congregation. Even more significantly, his military service on behalf of the Union often placed him at high risk and in harm’s way.
Bradby’s initial activities with the Union forces included serving as a land guide and scout for the Army of the Potomac during the Peninsula Campaign in southeastern Virginia in 1862. The following year, however, Bradby exchanged those land-based assignments for “water duty” when he joined the Union Navy.
Throughout the remainder of the war, Bradby served on a variety of military ships and boats and even piloted several of those vessels. For a good part of 1863-64, for example, he was a pilot second class for vessels that were part of a Union flotilla on the James River in Virginia. While serving on the steamship USS Shokokon on that river, Bradby was shot in the leg by a Confederate shell. This injury turned out to be only a flesh wound, but it brought about rheumatism that would plague Bradby for the remainder of his days. Other vessels on which Bradby served were the gunboats USS Onondaga and USS Huron; the tugboat USS Epsilon; the steamship USS Daylight; and the torpedo boat USS Spuyten Duyvil.
There were several other Native Americans from Virginia who likewise served the Union as guides and pilots during the war. They included Bradby’s brother Sterling as well as Thornton Allmond, John Langston, William Sampson, and Powhatan Weisiger. William Terrill Bradby’s own military record, however, is one of the most detailed and best documented of that group.
After the Civil War ended, Bradby returned to where he had lived prior to the conflict: the Pamunkey reservation on the western shore of the Chesapeake Bay in Virginia. Bradby remained there for the rest of his life, becoming one the most respected members of the community. He died sometime around 1905.

Yakama women and a Nez Perce man pose in ceremonial clothing, Washington, probably between 1894 and 1899
01/25/2025

Yakama women and a Nez Perce man pose in ceremonial clothing, Washington, probably between 1894 and 1899

🎂HAPPY BIRTHDAY CLINT EASTWOOD🎉💋Clint Eastwood is a famous American actor, film director, producer and composer, famous ...
01/24/2025

🎂HAPPY BIRTHDAY CLINT EASTWOOD🎉💋
Clint Eastwood is a famous American actor, film director, producer and composer, famous for his flourishing career in the entertainment industry. Born on May 31, 1930, in San Francisco, California, Eastwood rose to fame in the 1960s for his role as "The Man with No Name" in Sergio Leone's "The Dollar Trilogy" of spaghetti Westerns. He further solidified his status as a cultural icon with his role as Harry Callahan in the "Dirty Harry" film series, which began in 1971. Eastwood's career spanned more than six decades, during which he received won many awards, including multiple Oscars for best film. Director and Best Picture for "Unforgiven" (1992) and "Million Dollar Baby" (2004). Known for his stoic screen presence and tough personality, Eastwood has also directed and produced such critically acclaimed films as Mystic River (2003), Gran Torino (2008) and American Sniper (2014). In addition to his film work, Eastwood also dabbled in politics, serving as mayor of Carmel-by-the-Sea, California, from 1986 to 1988. His contributions to cinema and his influence on Popular culture has made him one of its most respected people. and long-standing figures in Hollywood history.
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Wichita Anadarko Indian woman, Oklahoma. Photo: before 1912. - The Wichita people are a confederation of Plains Indians....
01/24/2025

Wichita Anadarko Indian woman, Oklahoma. Photo: before 1912. - The Wichita people are a confederation of Plains Indians. Historically they spoke the Wichita language, a Caddoan language. They are indigenous to Kansas, Oklahoma, and Texas. Today the four Wichita tribes, the Waco, Taovaya, Tawakoni, and Wichita proper, are federally recognized with the Kichai people as the Wichita and Affiliated Tribes (Wichita, Keechi, Waco and Tawakonie).

Why Isn’t This Map in the History Books?Native Tribes of North America Mapped🛒 Order poster from here🧡✊⤵️https://theodor...
01/23/2025

Why Isn’t This Map in the History Books?
Native Tribes of North America Mapped
🛒 Order poster from here🧡✊⤵️
https://theodore-teeprints.com/maps
The ancestors of living Native Americans arrived in North America about 15 thousand years ago. As a result, a wide diversity of communities, societies, and cultures finally developed on the continent over the millennia.
The population figure for Indigenous peoples in the Americas before the 1492 voyage of Christopher Columbus was 70 million or more.
About 562 tribes inhabited the contiguous U.S. territory. Ten largest North American Indian tribes: Arikara, Cherokee, Iroquois, Pawnee, Sioux, Apache, Eskimo, Comanche, Choctaw, Cree, Ojibwa, Mohawk, Cheyenne, Navajo, Seminole, Hope, Shoshone, Mohican, Shawnee, Mi’kmaq, Paiute, Wampanoag, Ho-Chunk, Chumash, Haida.
Below is the tribal map of Pre-European North America.
The old map below gives a Native American perspective by placing the tribes in full flower ~ the “Glory Days.” It is pre-contact from across the eastern sea or, at least, before that contact seriously affected change. Stretching over 400 years, the time of contact was quite different from tribe to tribe. For instance, the “Glory Days” of the Maya and Aztec came to an end very long before the interior tribes of other areas, with some still resisting almost until the 20th Century.
At one time, numbering in the millions, the native peoples spoke close to 4,000 languages.
The Americas’ European conquest, which began in 1492, ended in a sharp drop in the Native American population through epidemics, hostilities, ethnic cleansing, and slavery.
When the United States was founded, established Native American tribes were viewed as semi-independent nations, as they commonly lived in communities separate from white immigrants.

In the early 18th century, the Plains Apache lived around the upper Missouri River and were closely connected to the Kio...
01/23/2025

In the early 18th century, the Plains Apache lived around the upper Missouri River and were closely connected to the Kiowa people. They were ethnically different and spoke a different language. Plains Apache entered this alliance with the Kiowa for mutual protection against hostile tribes.

It is recorded that many Kiowa Apache did not learn the Kiowa language, preferring to communicate with their allies using the sophisticated Plains Indian Sign Language, at which the Kiowa were past masters (having probably devised much of the system).

Even before contact with Europeans, their numbers were never large, and in 1780 their population was estimated at 400.

The Kiowa Apache and Kiowa had migrated into the Southern Plains sometime around 1800. By the Treaty of Medicine Lodge in 1867 the Kiowa and Kiowa Apache settled in Western Oklahoma and Kansas. They were forced to move south of the Wash*ta River to the Red River and Western Oklahoma with the Comanche and the Kiowa. The reservation period lasted from 1868 to 1906. The transition from the free life of Plains people to a restricted life of the reservation was more difficult for some families than others. The 1890 Census showed 1,598 Comanche at the Fort Sill reservation, which they shared with 1,140 Kiowa and 326 Kiowa Apache.

Some groups of Plains Apache refused to settle on reservations and were involved in Kiowa and Comanche uprisings, most notably the First Battle of Adobe Walls which was the largest battle of the Indian Wars. It would be the last battle in which the Natives repelled the US Army in the Southern Plains.

In 1966, the tribe organized a business committee and regained federal recognition.

The Kiowa Apache social organization is split into numerous extended families (kustcrae), who camped together (for hunting, gathering) as local groups (gonka). The next level was the division or band, a grouping of a number of gonkas (who would come together, for mutual protection, especially in time of war).

In pre-reservation times there were at least four local groups or gonkas who frequently joined together for warring neighbouring tribes and settlements.

The Apache are linked to the Dismal River culture of the western Plains, generally attributed to the Paloma and Cuartelejo Apaches. Jicarilla Apache pottery has also been found in some of the Dismal River complex sites. Some of the people of the Dismal River culture joined the Kiowa Apache in the Black Hills of South Dakota. Due to pressure from the Comanche from the west and Pawnee and French from the east, the Kiowa and remaining people of Dismal River culture migrated south where they later joined the Lipan Apache and Jicarilla Apache nations.

Richard Aitson, poet and award-winning beadworker, is both Kiowa and Kiowa Apache
The Kiowa Apache language is a member of the Southern Athabaskan language family, a division of the Na-Dene languages. The Plains Apache language, also referred to as Kiowa Apache, was the most divergent member of the subfamily. While three people spoke the language in 2006, the last fluent speaker died in 2008.

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