11/07/2013
The breeding programmes founded in pedigrees are:
In-breeding - rational mating of father/daughter, or mother/son, or brother/sister, resulting in the enhancement and dominance of desirable and/or undesirable genes and traits from the same parents. The aim is stronger genes and traits.
Line-breeding - rational mating aiming to trace ancestry on both the sire and dam's side to one mutual ancestor, resulting in the enhancement and dominance of desirable and/or undesirable genes and traits from the pedigree line. The aim is a continuation of genes and traits.
Outcross-breeding - rational mating aiming to introduce an external sire and/or dam from different pedigrees into the current pedigree with no traceable mutual ancestry, resulting in the enhancement and dominance of desirable and/or undesirable genes and traits from various pedigree lines. The aim is the creation of a specific strain of genes and traits.
Cross-breeding - when different breeds of dogs are cross bred resulting in mutes. Thus a Jack Russell crossed with a different breed altogether.
The history of the Jack Russell over the past 200+ years (1800's) is the rational cross-breeding of what historians believe to be the now extinct English White Terrier (adapted to human care and cuddle, and the tell tale dog show appearance), the Smooth Fox Terrier (hunting instinct, speed and the tell tale smooth coat), Wired Fox Terrier (energy, intelligence and the tell tale wired coat) and later the introduction of what is believed to be the Bull Terrier (courageous and and prey-instinct, with the tell tale short legged, muscular compact body)
The Jack Russell is not a pure-bred dog (selective in-breeding) but the line-breeding of a specific strain (including outcross-breeding) deemed desirable for a specific purpose, and in the JR's case, as the ultimate fox-hunting and sheep working dog. From time to time rational instances of in-, line- and/or cross breeding is required to maintain this particular strain. Hence the distinct pedigree of the Jack Russell, whether it had been recognized by the pure-bred institution or not over the years.
The reputable pedigree registries started to recognize the ethical, responsible and selective breeding exercised in maintaining the Jack Russell strain, and here follows the various institutions around the world whom hence officially recognized the Jack Russell:
JRTCA = Jack Russel Terrier Club of America
FCI = Fédération Cynologique Internationale
UKC = United Kennel Club
KCGB = Kennel Club of Great Britain
NZKC = New Zealand Kennel Club
CET = Club Español de Terriers (Spanish Terrier Club)
ANKC = Australian National Kennel Club
IKC = Irish Kennel Club
CKC = Continental Kennel Club
NKC = National Kennel Club
APRI = American Pet Registry, Inc.
ACR = American Canine Registry
DRA = Dog Registry of America, Inc.
NAPR = North American Purebred Registry, Inc.
AKC = American Kennel Club
SAJRR = Southern African Jack Russell Registery
Canine SA = Alternative Registery of various dog breeds.
Breeding with Jack Russells is essentially the responsibility for maintaining the strain by means of ethical breeding practices and educating and informing prospective owners, breeders or the public in general of the history, continuation and preservation of the JR strain