08/18/2023
Injury to the eye is always considered an emergency, making it very important to understand the signs of eye pain. If you suspect your horse has an eye injury, call your veterinarian immediately!
Corneal ulceration is one of the most common injuries to the equine eye, often caused by trauma. The cornea is a transparent membrane forming the top layer of the eye. When the cornea is injured, fluorescein stain dye will adhere to the damaged tissue, allowing your veterinarian to identify the defect(s). Signs of corneal ulcers include squinting and tearing excessively, swollen eyelid(s), ocular discharge, and opacity of the cornea.
Uveitis is an inflammatory condition of the uvea, a layer within the eye. It is described as acute (in response to a primary issue) or chronic/recurrent (immune-mediated). Clinical signs include squinting, corneal edema, ocular discharge, constricted pupil, and blood or pus within the eye's anterior chamber. The number one cause of blindness in horses worldwide is due to complications associated with uveitis.
Keratitis is inflammation of the cornea due to bacterial, fungal, viral, parasitic, traumatic, or immune-mediated causes. Clinical signs resemble corneal ulceration with treatment dictated by the causative agent.
Conjunctivitis is inflammation of the conjunctiva, the inner pink tissues of the eyelids. It is caused by allergies and insect irritation leading to redness and swelling with ocular discharge. Treatment includes addressing the underlying condition and consistent use of a fly mask!
Treatment of eye conditions is often successful but can be long and costly. Enucleation (removal of the eye) is an option for cases unsuitable for medical treatment or those prohibited by the cost of treatment.
For more information on common conditions of the equine eye, please visit:
https://www.tdequinevet.com/news/
https://aaep.org/horsehealth/common-equine-eye-conditions #:~:text=Horses%20are%20particularly%20vulnerable%20to,the%20front%20of%20the%20eye.