05/11/2024
All pet owners know that it is almost inevitable that we will have to say goodbye to the four-legged family members in their lifetime. The emotion this creates is very strong and little can be done to take the pain away but with a bit more understanding of the process it may be possible to make that journey slightly easier.
Many people have asked me how I do my job, I know they are referring to euthanasia of animals, the following comment is usually “You must get used to it”. Within the veterinary profession we do so much more than just put animals to sleep but when it is time for an owner to have to make that decision, we know that nine times out of ten it is the right thing to do. For a vet to consider euthanasia he or she has explored every other potential option and will discuss the alternatives with the owner. An informed decision can be made with the animals’ best interest being paramount. It is with this knowledge that vets, nurses and receptionists come to terms with the prospect of euthanasia as part of the profession, we do not get used to it.
As veterinary professionals we take pride in the fact we can help owners and pets through this very hard time making it as easy as possible for all concerned. The purpose of this series of posts is to inform pet owners of the procedures so a better understanding is achieved during a very traumatic and emotional time. I believe, from experience, that pet owners who know what to expect spend their energies and time on themselves and their pet rather than having to deal with questions, decisions about what to do afterwards and formalities at the time.
Euthanasia literally means good death, and this is what the veterinary team aim to achieve with as little pain, fear or distress for the animal as possible while providing support for owners.
Each case is different, some owners know it is time and have prepared themselves but for others a traumatic event has occurred and their once healthy happy pet is suddenly very sick or injured. In honesty, after working within the emergency and critical care environment, the latter are those who would benefit most from an understanding prior to the event. Everything is a massive shock, there is so much to take in and if owners have never had an animal put to sleep the lack of understanding of the process is just another thing to deal with.
What To Expect:
• The veterinary surgeon will ask the owner to sign a consent form for euthanasia.
• In some cases, pets are sedated prior to euthanasia; this is usually an injection into the muscle with sedation being achieved within 5-20 minutes, depending on which drug has been used.
• Euthanasia is performed by injecting a drug into the vein of the animal, the animal’s leg will be clipped up to allow the vet to visualise the vein.
• A nurse may be called into the room to assist the vet by helping to hold the animal’s leg.
• Some vets will place a catheter into the vein, others use a needle and syringe. If an animal is collapsed it is very difficult to find veins in the leg and may take the vet a while and they may need to try different legs.
• The nurse will continue to hold the animal to allow the vet to safely inject. This usually does not stop you stroking, talking to and in some cases, owners may be able to hold their pet. Each situation must be individually assessed for the owners, the animals and the veterinary staffs’ safety.
• The drug used for euthanasia is pentobarbitone, it is an anti-seizure/anaesthetic drug in a high concentration to achieve rapid unconsciousness and cessation of the heartbeat. It may be a variety of colours (pink, blue, bright yellow) so it can be easily identified within the veterinary practice.
• When the owner is ready the vet will start to inject the drug, the animal will become unconscious, and the heart will stop before the syringe is empty.
• The vet will listen to the animals’ heart to ensure it has stopped beating and inform owners that their pet has passed away.
• The animals’ eyes will not close.
• Occasionally the animal may appear to take a deep breath after the injection has finished. This is the brains mechanical response trying to keep the animal alive, the cells need oxygen so the muscles contract forcing air into the lungs. The animal knows nothing about this and the heart will have stopped beating when this occurs.
• Rarely twitching is seen in the face or over the body after the heart has stopped, this is residual electrical impulses from the nerve endings. One of the reasons pentobarbitone is used as the drug of choice for euthanasia is its sedative effects on the brain, hence why muscle twitching is not as common now as when other drugs were used years ago.
• All the animals’ muscles will have relaxed meaning urine or faeces may be
passed.
After the vet has confirmed the animal has died owners may feel they want to spend time with their pet while others just want to leave straight away, which leads me onto a rather delicate area that faces all owners who visit a veterinary practice. There is likely to be a charge for the veterinary care your pet has received and you need to decide whether you pay prior to the euthanasia or afterwards. It may sound like a odd thing to think about but emotions are running high, people may feel awful paying in advance whereas others just want to leave the building once it has been done without having to stop to pay. Some veterinary clinics may allow owners to leave without paying if they are a known client. The understanding will be that the client will settle any accounts in the next few days, this is an agreement that must be made beforehand.
These situations are hard for all involved, veterinary staff do not get used to seeing owners getting upset and we never will, we just want to help in any way we can. We understand more than most people because it is part of what we do, we are there to listen and help, no question is a silly question so please use us to help you when you need it.
The next post will cover what options are available to pet owners following euthanasia.